Journal of Food and Agricultural Science for Lowland and Coastal Area

BIOACCUMULATION AND EFFECTS OF LEAD (PB) ON METABOLIC PROCESSES AT CELLULAR AND TISSUE LEVEL OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tohap Simangunsong — 2023-10-26

Aquaculture environments have faced major problems due to the accumulation of various contaminants and pollutants due to various industrial activities. Lead (Pb) is one of the heavy metals that is very dangerous for the sustainability of the food chain. Early producers and consumers are the chains most vulnerable to being directly affected by heavy metal exposure in aquatic environments. Their large numbers in the ecological pyramid allow heavy metal accumulation to occur in higher consumers due to chain processes and food webs. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an omnivore species of fish that feeds on various early producers and consumers in the ecological pyramid. When fish consume foods that contain toxic substances, the substances will accumulate and settle for a long time in fish cells and tissues. Pb can also enter the body of fish through gills, then will be carried by blood flow through arteries to all organs involved in fish blood circulation. In the end, Pb will be deposited in the liver of the fish for a long time. O. niloticus exposed to heavy metals in the environment is reported to cause damage to several vital organs of fish such as gills, kidneys, and liver. Organ failure will cause chronic pain, make it easier for pathogens to enter the tissues, weaken the body's immune system and death in fish. Exposure to Pb is reported to inhibit active transport processes, suppress oxidation-reduction reactions, and protein synthesis. Other reports suggest that PB residues can cause hematological, neural, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in fish. Exposure and accumulation of Pb in fish is in fact very dangerous for the survival of fish. A dangerous threat is food security for humans. We, humans who consume tilapia as a source of protein must consume food that is free from various exposures to harmful heavy metals that generally manifest as hazardous waste in industry. In the future, factories and industries must thoroughly manage industrial waste so that it is completely safe and free of various heavy metals before being discharged into the aquatic environment.

MANGROVES AS INDICATORS OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN WATERS

Jefri Anjaini — 2023-10-26

The ability of mangroves to absorb and store heavy metals in their tissues has received much study. Mangroves have been used to lower heavy metals in the aquatic environment because of their capacity to do so. Mangroves have also been utilised for biomonitoring of pollution from heavy metals. Mangroves have been regarded as a quick, efficient, and affordable way for biomonitoring aquatic ecosystems. The mangrove is an organism with the capacity to absorb heavy metal contaminants and act as a trap for fine pollutants. However, further study and analysis are required to perfect this technology for widespread application. This essay aims to outline the potential use of mangroves as a biomonitoring and bioindicators tool in mangrove studies in the future

NORTHERN COASTAL CONDITIONS OF PALANG-TUBAN

Mukamto Kamto — 2023-10-26

The coast is a transition and meeting area between the territory of the land and the ocean in which there is an intensive interaction between the components of the land and the components of the sea. A depiction of the northern coastal Palang-Tuban conditions must be made to know the whereaboutsof environmental damage. The depiction of the northern coastal Palang based on this study literature and observation field. The observation was conducted on 22-23 july 2023 by exploring the coastal villages in the cross border area and documenting the conditions of the coastal and the activities of the coastal communities in the region. North coast conditions indicate a change in coastline and decrease in sea water quality. Changes in the coastline occur due to accretion and land reclamation for community economic activities such as parking tourist vehicles, reclamation for the construction of culinary businesses and shops, as well as the construction of jetties in each village on the north coast of Palang as a place to dock for fishing boats. The sea water quality in the Palang sub-district area has decreased. The research show that there are several parameters that exceed the quality standard thresholds, such as brightness, salinity, DO and heavy metals.

SENSORY EVALUATION TEST OF READY TO DRINK COFFEE PRODUCT USING CATA (Check All That Apply) PROFILING

Muhammad Iqbal Fanani Gunawan — 2023-10-26

Sensory evaluation describes the quality of food, which is closely linked to the choice of raw materials, ingredients, food additives, and the production process. The demand for various types of coffee drinks and preparation methods continues to grow each year. "Ready to Drink" (RTD) beverages refer to drinks that come in packaging and can be consumed without any further processing. The CATA (Check All That Apply) method is a structured questionnaire in which respondents select terms from a list that are relevant or have characteristics related to the sample being evaluated. The CATA method's output can be visualized using a biplot graph generated through Principal Component Analysis, illustrating the relationship between the tested product and its variables to determine differences in flavor characteristics among three commercial RTD coffees and the ideal coffee preferred by consumers. The results show that Product A is the most favored among the three, falling into the 'Like' category, while Products B and C are in the 'Somewhat Dislike' category. Product A is found to have attributes that are closer to the ideal RTD coffee as perceived by the panelists, particularly in terms of flavor characteristics.

QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUIT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) YIELDS UNDER DIFFERENT PERIODS OF WEED CONTROL AND BRANCH PRUNING

Safira Rizka Lestari — 2023-10-26

The research aims to determine the effect of weeds during the period of weeding and reducing the number of branches on tomato yields. The research was carried out in Mojorejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City with an altitude of 560 meters above sea level, rainfall of 1600 mm/year, and an average daily temperature of 23°C. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the weeding period (P) which consists of 3 weeding periods, the treatment consists of: without weeding (P0), weeding 2 times at 28 and 56 days after planting (P1), and weeding 4 times at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after planting (P2). The second factor is pruning the number of tomato plant branches (W) which consists of 3 levels, the treatment consists of without pruning branches (W0), pruning branches leaving 2 branches (W1), pruning branches leaving 4 branches (W2). Observations of harvest results include the number of harvested fruits per plant (number/plant), fruit diameter (cm), fresh fruit weight per fruit (g), and fresh fruit weight per plant (g). The observation data that has been obtained will be analyzed in further tests using the BNJ test with a level of 5% to determine the differences between treatments. The results obtained in this study showed that there was a real influence on the treatment of weeding and pruning branches on tomato yields.